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SAT Reading Practice Passage
SAT Reading Practice Test Comprehensive Passage
This passage is adapted from David Hume, “Of the Reason of Animals,” an inquiry concerning humans. The understanding following 10 multiple choice questions is based on the passage below.
| All our concerning matter of fact are founded on a | |
| species of Analogy, which leads us to expect from any cause | |
| the same events, which we have observed to result from | |
| similar causes. Where the causes are entirely similar, the | |
| Line 5 | analogy is perfect, and the inference, drawn from it, is |
| regarded as certain and conclusive: nor does any man ever | |
| entertain a doubt, where he sees a piece of iron, that it will | |
| have weight and cohesion of parts; as in all other instances, | |
| which have ever fallen under his observation. But where the | |
| Line 10 | objects have not so exact a similarity, the analogy is less |
| perfect, and the inference is less conclusive; though still it | |
| has some force, in proportion to the degree of similarity and | |
| resemblance. | |
| The anatomical observations, formed upon one animal, are, | |
| Line 15 | by this species of reasoning, extended to all animals; and it is |
| certain that when the circulation of the blood, for instance, is | |
| clearly proved to have place in one creature, as a frog, or fish, it | |
| forms a strong presumption, that the same principle has place in all. | |
| These analogical observations may be carried | |
| Line 20 | farther, even to this science, of which we are now treating; |
| and any theory, by which we explain the operations of the | |
| understanding, or the origin and connexion of the passions in | |
| man, will acquire additional authority, if we find, that the | |
| same theory is requisite to explain the same phenomena in all | |
| Line 25 | other animals. We shall make trial of this, with regard to the |
| hypothesis, by which we have, in the foregoing discourse, | |
| endeavored to account for all experimental reasonings; and | |
| it is hoped, that this new point of view will serve to confirm | |
| all our former observations. | |
| Line 30 | First, It seems evident, that animals, as well as men, learn |
| many things from experience, and infer, that the same events | |
| will always follow from the same causes. By this principle | |
| they become acquainted with the more obvious properties of | |
| external objects, and gradually, from their birth, up a | |
| Line 35 | knowledge of the nature of fire, water, earth, stones, heights, |
| depths, and of the effects which result from their operation. | |
| The ignorance and inexperience of the young are here plainly | |
| distinguishable from the cunning and sagacity of the old, | |
| who have learned, by long observation, to avoid what hurt | |
| Line 40 | them, and to pursue what gave ease or pleasure. A horse, that |
| has been accustomed to the field, becomes acquainted | |
| with the proper height which he can leap, and will never attempt | |
| what exceeds his force and ability. An old greyhound will | |
| trust the more fatiguing part of the chase to the younger, and | |
| Line 45 | will place himself so as to meet the hare in her doubles; nor |
| are the conjectures, which he forms on this occasion, | |
| founded in any thing but his observation and experience. | |
| This is still more evident from the effects of discipline | |
| education on animals, who, by the proper application of | |
| Line 50 | rewards and punishments, may be taught any course of |
| action, and most contrary to their natural instincts and | |
| propensities. Is it not experience, which renders a dog | |
| apprehensive of pain, when you menace him, or lift up the | |
| whip to beat him? Is it not even experience, which makes | |
| Line 55 | him answer to his name, and infer, from such an arbitrary |
| sound, that you mean him rather than any of his fellows, and | |
| intend to call him, when you pronounce it in a certain manner, | |
| and with a certain tone and accent? | |
| In all these cases, we may observe, that the animal infers | |
| Line 60 | some fact beyond what immediately strikes his senses; and |
| that this inference is altogether founded on past experience, | |
| while the creature expects from the present object the same | |
| consequences, which it has always found in its observation to | |
| result from similar objects. Secondly, It is impossible, that | |
| Line 65 | this inference of the animal can be founded on any process of |
| argument or reasoning, by which he concludes, that like | |
| events must follow like objects, and that the course of nature | |
| Will always be regular in its operations. For if there be in | |
| reality any arguments of this nature, they surely lie too | |
| Line 70 | abstruse for the observation of such imperfect understandings; |
| since it may well employ the utmost care and attention of a | |
| philosophic genius to discover and observe them. Animals, | |
| therefore are not guided in these inferences by reasoning: | |
| neither are children; neither are the generality of mankind, in | |
| Line 75 | their ordinary actions and conclusions: neither are |
| philosophers themselves, who, in all the acüve parts of life, are, | |
| in the main, the same with the vulgar, and are governed by | |
| the same maxims. Nature must have provided some other | |
| principle, of more ready, and more general use and | |
| Line 80 | application; nor can an operation of such immense |
| consequence in life, as that of inferring effects from causes, be | |
| trusted to the uncertain process of reasoning and | |
| argumentation. Were this doubtful with regard to men, it | |
| seems to admit of no question with regard to the brute | |
| Line 85 | creation; and the conclusion being once firmly established in |
| the one, we have a strong presumption, from all the rules of | |
| analogy, that it ought to be universally admitted, without any | |
| exception or reserve. |
SAT Reading Comprehension Practice Test Questions
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 1
The structure of the article is best described as
Option A : a phenomenon is discussed in details followed by a theoretical analysis from two varying sources.
Option B : an issue is presented with pros and cons while concrete examples support both prongs.
Option C : a thesis is made with elaboration on its rationales, which leads further to another conclusion.
Option D : an inference is made to justify the seemingly contradictory explanations for the same fact.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 1
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Option C: a thesis is made with elaboration on its rationales, which leads further to another conclusion.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 2
What is the rhetoric that the author uses most pervasively in his discourse?
Option A : Metaphor
Option B : Metaphor
Option C : Satire.
Option D : Simile.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 2
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Option B: Metaphor
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 3
The first paragraph, the author suggests the inference is imperfect when In
Option A : the similarity is less than conclusive.
Option B : the resemblance is highly recognizable.
Option C : the coincidence is clearly predictable.
Option D : the accordance is obviously provable.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 3
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Option A: the similarity is less than conclusive.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 4
The word “species” in line 15 can be best replaced by
Option A : biologists,
Option B : categories
Option C : colonies.
Option D : groups.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 4
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Option B : categories
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 5
The experiments on frog or fish, suggested by the author, can be best understood as
Option A : lending support to our studies of human physiology and related disciplines.
Option B : showing the research direction on human learning and passion with extra reasoning forces.
Option C : showing the research direction on human learning and passion with extra reasoning forces.
Option D : an additional source of information for our accumulated knowledge of human behaviors.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 5
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Option A : lending support to our studies of human physiology and related disciplines.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 6
Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?
Option A : Lines 15-19 (“and…all”)
Option B : Lines 15-19 (“and…all”)
Option C : Lines 19-20 (“These…treating”)
Option D :Lines 25-29 (“We. ..observations”)
SAT Practice Test Answer No 6
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Option C : Lines 19-20 (“These…treating”)
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 7
Which choice best characterizes the learning process in the third paragraph?
Option A : Such experience is acquired through time.
Option B : The learning process is nevertheless natural.
Option C : Rewards and punishments enhance learning effect.
Option D : Humans can separate the obvious from the latent.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 7
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Option C: Rewards and punishments enhance learning effect
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 8
Which choice most closely resembles the examples of horse and greyhound in lines 40-47?
Option A : A seasoned pitcher broke the record in major
Option B : A senior accountant chose an efficient way in auditing.
Option C : A hiking rookie decided to take an obscure route.
Option D : A senior judge ruled to postpone the decision on a case.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 8
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Option B : A senior accountant chose an efficient way in auditing.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 9
The word “discipline” in line 48 most closely means
Option A : control.
Option B : field.
Option C : category.
Option D : cultivation.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 9
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Option D : cultivation.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 10
Starting from line 59, the passage shifts its focus to
Option A : discuss a secondary conclusion drawn from the discourse.
Option B : reverse the previous argument to a new path of discovery.
Option C : extend to cover a completely unrelated learning field.
Option D : resonate with the issue presented in the beginning Of the passage.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 10
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Option A : discuss a secondary conclusion drawn from the discourse.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 11
The assumption for the statement in lines 68-72 is
Option A : that the more convoluted an argument becomes, the more time we must devote to it.
Option B : attentions required that in observation relates positively to the complexity of the reasoning.
Option C : that the scientific evidence tends to favor the rational treatment of human reasoning process.
Option D : that it is impossible to draw a perfect conclusion from any observation completed without care.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 11
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Option B : attentions required that in observation relates positively to the complexity of the reasoning.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 12
In lines 76-78, the author by referring to philosophers and their behaviors tries to
Option A : highlight the difference of thinking between them and normal people.
Option B : strengthen the argument that reasoning and argument usually have no place in the inferring process.
Option C : recognize the limitation of options offered by the nature in finding solutions for reasoning.
Option D : differentiate animal actions and impulses from the rationalized thinking of trained scholars
SAT Practice Test Answer No 12
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Option B : strengthen the argument that reasoning and argument usually have no place in the inferring process.
SAT Reading Practice Test Question No 13
The tone of the whole article can be best viewed as
Option A : subjective.
Option B : playful.
Option C :objective.
Option D : erudite.
SAT Practice Test Answer No 13
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Option C : objective
